Christmas and Hanukah are meant to be a time of peace and joy, but it can be a stressful time for both people and their pets.

It is a sad fact that dogs and cats become sick, and even die, due to some of the changes that happen in their environment during the holidays. However, with a little extra thought and a few precautionary tips, pet owners can ensure their pet will enjoy the season.

It is important to understand that pets are curious about anything new in their surroundings. Electrical cords from holiday displays, Christmas trees and other festive decorations are likely to draw their attention - especially if the pet is left alone more than usual.

When dogs and cats are bored, they are more likely to chew on things. This can include electrical cords, ribbons on presents, or ornaments on the tree.

Long and skinny objects, such as ribbons, or even the twine used to tie up prime rib and a pot roast, are especially dangerous.

When an animal ingests a long object their response is not to cough it up, but to continue swallowing. The swallowed object can get caught in their intestine, making surgery necessary.

Chocolate is another culprit that can cause stomach aches and diarrhea in pets.

While a box of See's candy is not part of a healthy diet (for people or pets) it would take quite a bit of chocolate to have serious effects.

However, five or six blocks of baking chocolate can be fatal to a small dog or cat. So when making brownies or other holiday treats, be sure to keep an eye on your pet and keep the chocolate away from curious critters.

Many individuals want to offer their pet a "treat" and give them food from the table.

This is never a good idea. Both dogs and cats do best when they follow a proper diet of food that is designed for their consumption. Table scraps can cause upset tummies and result in diarrhea.

Although it should be common sense, it still needs to be said; do not give beer, wine or any other alcoholic beverage to a pet. If a family member tries to provide entertainment by getting your pet drunk, just say "no!" swat the offending relative's nose with a newspaper and plop them in front of the television and have them watch television instead.

Remember, your pet relies on you to protect them.

Other holiday hazards include fresh cut flowers, holly, poinsettias (which are toxic and lead to irritation of the GI tract), mistletoe and many potted plants.

Easter lilies are especially lethal and can result in irreversible kidney disease in cats.

Dogs and cats have been known to become ill from drinking the water in the base of cut Christmas trees.

The chemicals used to keep the tree looking fresh can cause vomiting and diarrhea in both dogs and cats. Christmas trees should be anchored firmly so a leaping cat will not send the tree tumbling down the hallway.

The holidays can bring many friends, visitors and guests. Even the most social of pets will feel a disruption in their routine and may act out of character. Changes generally bring out curiosity, fear and protectiveness in pets. It is best to keep small children away from dogs and cats, both for your pet's safety, as well as the child's. All interactions should be closely supervised.

Problems can also occur with elderly visitors. Many senior citizens take medication. If they drop a pill and don't pick it up, your pet could find it, eat it and become sick.

This could also be a problem if a guest is staying in the home and leaves medication where a curious dog or cat can find it.

Another hazard may be as simple as tripping over a pet. The key is to keep everyone aware of their surroundings and take extra precautions.

If Fido's favorite sleeping spot is the hallway near the bathroom, he is not going to change his habit. Be sure to remind visitors of potential problems and keep the hallway well lit.

Even though it is best to be aware of the potential hazards your pet may be subjected to during the holidays, it can still be a joyful and safe if you take a few precautions and follow a few simple suggestions.

Maintain your pet's routine as much as possible. This includes feeding schedule, walks and other activities such as playing ball.

Don't change your pet's diet.

For cats, keep the litter box free from barriers. If your cat can't use the litter box he or she will find another place to "go" and this unwanted habit, once started, can be very difficult to break.

If you suspect a problem with your pet's health during the holidays, such as he or she quits eating, go to the emergency vet clinic.

Because there are so many unexpected hazards during the holidays, it is best to have the animal checked before it becomes serious. It is always best to be safe than sorry.

Do not give a puppy or kitten to an unsuspecting individual as a holiday gift.

A pet is an important addition to the family and should be a carefully thought-out process, not an impulse buy. Many unwanted pets wind up at animal shelters every year.

Pets are a great source of love and companionship. This holiday season, be sure to show your pet how much you love it by following a few precautions, and make this holiday season the best one ever.